R718 (Water) - iCooler

by Hamburg Vacuum
iCooler
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Environmentally friendly
Natural
Available
Inexpensive
Non-Toxic
Non-Flammable
No F-Gas
GWP = 0
ODP = 0
Sustainable
Highly Efficient
Water as Refrigerant
in the HVACR sector, mobile and stationary, incl. heat pumps
With Water (R718) the discussion about climate-damaging CFCs, HFCs and HCFCs is at its end.
CFCs... like R134a, R404a, etc.
A GWP and ODP of ZERO makes it the environmentally friendliest refrigerant on earth.
It is also not harmful in any way.
Refrigerant related safety requirements are not applicable for R718.
No dangers with R718 image/svg+xml image/svg+xml image/svg+xml image/svg+xml No dangers with R718 10/2019 Andreas Kleff Andreas Kleff image/svg+xml
GWP and Risks of Refrigerants
R718
none
GWP = 0
R717
Gas Cylinder Skull and Crossbones Corrosion Environmental Hazard
0
R744
Gas Cylinder
1
R290
Gas Cylinder Flames
3
R600a
Gas Cylinder Flames
3
R600
Gas Cylinder Flames
4
R1234ze
Gas Cylinder Flames
7
R513A
Gas Cylinder
631
R32
Gas Cylinder Flames
675
R134a
Gas Cylinder
1 430
R407C
Gas Cylinder
1 774
R410A
Gas Cylinder
2 088
Further Benefits of R718
Evaporation enthalpy is higher than 2 200 kJ/kg.
ΔHvap of R290 e.g. is about 365 kJ/kg @ 0°C,
for R134a it is only 198 kJ/kg.
Only a small amount of R718 needs to evaporate to achieve the same cooling performance. This also mitigates the main downside of R718, the huge vapour volume.
Only a slight decrease in cooling capacity for higher condensation temperatures.
When changing the condensation temperature from 30°C to 90°C the cooling capacity only drops by 10%. For R134a and R290 it drops more than 60%.
This makes R718 ideal for heat pumps.
Cooling capacity change comparisonimage/svg+xmlCooling capacity change comparison10/2019Andreas KleffAndreas KleffEnglishimage/svg+xmlCooling capacity change comparison the coolingcapacity issignificantlyimproved 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Condensation temperature ϑC 30°C 40°C 50°C 60°C 70°C 80°C 90°C Change of the cooling capacityat higher condensation temperatures for different refrigerants iCoolerR718 R134a R290 The superior properties of R718are implemented by the iCooler ⇨unlimited ) ( ϑ0 = 12°CϑC = 30°C .Qstart
COP increase due to Wet Steam Compression (Injection)
Wet steam compression has two main benefits.
  • First it increases the efficiency, especially for higher temperature differences.
  • Second it removes the complications resulting from high vapour temperatures during compression and at the outlet.
ZOOM
R718 Comparison of injection and no injection image/svg+xml image/svg+xml R718 Comparison of injection and no injection 10/2019 Andreas Kleff Andreas Kleff image/svg+xml R718 Comparison of injection and no injection +injection no inj. | η = 100% | COP = 3.36 no inj. | η = 70%1 | COP = 2.35 inj. no | η = 100% | COP = 4.33 +22.3% inj. no | η = 70%1 | COP = 2.73 +13.8% 65°C Comparison of inj. and no inj.η = 100% and η = 70% | ϑ0 = 5°C and ϑC = 65°C +injection no inj. | η = 100% | COP = 5.55 no inj. | η = 70%1 | COP = 3.88 inj. no | η = 100% | COP = 6.66 +17.4% inj. no | η = 70%1 | COP = 4.36 +11.0% 45°C Comparison of inj. and no inj.η = 100% and η = 70% | ϑ0 = 5°C and ϑC = 45°C Presure p [bar] Enthalpy h [kJ/kg] 0 500 1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500 3 000 3 500 0.007 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.2 0.3 0.01 0.1 10°C 20°C 30°C 40C 50°C 60°C 70°C 50°C 100°C 140°C 180°C 220°C 260°C 300°C 350°C 400°C 450°C 500°C 550°C s=2 s=3 s=4 s=5 s=6 s=7 s=8 s=9 s=10 s=11 5°C
The compressor for the world's most environmentally friendly refrigerant, R718 (water).
© 2019 iCooler-R718.de
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